{"id":256,"date":"2021-02-12T20:55:14","date_gmt":"2021-02-12T19:55:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cleverblog.pl\/?p=256"},"modified":"2022-01-07T22:48:52","modified_gmt":"2022-01-07T21:48:52","slug":"zmiana-lub-nadanie-hasla-uzytkownika-w-systemie-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cleverblog.pl\/?p=256","title":{"rendered":"#Linux &#8211; Zmiana lub nadanie has\u0142a u\u017cytkownika"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Jak ustawi\u0107 has\u0142o lub je zmieni\u0107? Jak zmieni\u0107 has\u0142o u\u017cytkownika lub administratora? S\u0142u\u017cy do tego polecenie <code>passwd<\/code>. Jak u\u017cywa\u0107 polecenia <code>passwd<\/code> dowiesz si\u0119 w nast\u0119pnym akapicie. Pami\u0119taj, \u017ce w celu bezpiecze\u0144stwa zawsze nale\u017cy zmienia\u0107 domy\u015blne has\u0142o do swojego konta. Istotne te\u017c jest, aby nowe has\u0142o by\u0142o wystarczaj\u0105co skomplikowane, aby niemo\u017cliwym by\u0142o jego szybkie z\u0142amanie. Ludziom raczej kiepsko wychodzi wymy\u015blanie hase\u0142, dlatego polecam manager hase\u0142, a szczeg\u00f3lnie &#8211; Bitwarden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Polecenie <code>paswd<\/code> aktualizuje token u\u017cytkownika przechowywany w pliku <code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code>.  Zwyk\u0142y u\u017cytkownik mo\u017ce zmieni\u0107 tylko swoje has\u0142o, u\u017cytkownik z uprawnieniem superu\u017cytkownika (lub root) mo\u017ce zmieni\u0107 has\u0142o do dowolnego konta, a administrator grupy mo\u017ce zmieni\u0107 has\u0142o dla grupy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Nadanie has\u0142a u\u017cytkownikowi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>W tym celu u\u017cyj polecenia<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>passwd<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Zostaniesz poproszony o podanie starego has\u0142a, o ile ono istnieje. Nast\u0119pnie b\u0119dziesz musia\u0142 poda\u0107 nowe has\u0142o wraz z jego potwierdzeniem. Has\u0142o b\u0119dzie ukryte, tz. nie zobaczysz na ekranie jego wpisywania, ale nie przejmuj si\u0119 &#8211; wpisze si\u0119 ono bezproblemu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Zmiana has\u0142a innego u\u017cytkownika<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jako u\u017cytkownik root mo\u017cesz nada\u0107 has\u0142o dowolnemu innemu u\u017cytkownik\u00f3w w nast\u0119puj\u0105cy spos\u00f3b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>passwd &lt;user&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>W przypadku u\u017cytkownika z uprawnieniem superu\u017cytkownika musisz u\u017cy\u0107 polecenia <code>sudo<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo passwd &lt;user&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2>Zmiana has\u0142a grupie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Zmiana has\u0142a grupie wygl\u0105da analogicznie, ale wykorzystuje si\u0119 parametr <code>-g<\/code>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>passwd -g &lt;group&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2>Wymuszenie zmiany has\u0142a przez u\u017cytkownika<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Has\u0142o u\u017cytkownika domy\u015blnie nigdy nie wygasa, Aby wymusi\u0107 zmian\u0119 has\u0142a, musisz mie\u0107 uprawnienia superadmina b\u0105d\u017a konto root. Aby wymusi\u0107 zmian\u0119, wpisz jako root:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>passwd -e &lt;user&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Lub wpisz ze s\u0142owem <code>sudo<\/code> dla konta z uprawnieniem superu\u017cytkownika. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo passwd -e &lt;user&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Od teraz u\u017cytkownik po zalogowaniu zostanie zmuszony do wpisania nowego has\u0142a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Blokowanie konta u\u017cytkownika<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Polecenie <code>passwd<\/code> pozwala tak\u017ce na blokowanie (oraz odblokowywanie) kont u\u017cytkownik\u00f3w. Polecenie to zmienia token u\u017cytkownika na taki, kt\u00f3rego nie da si\u0119 wygenerowa\u0107 z \u017cadnego podanego has\u0142a &#8211; wstawia na pocz\u0105tek tokena w pliku <code>\/etc\/shadows\/<\/code> wykrzyknik (!). W praktyce wi\u0119c blokada konta polega na niemo\u017cliwo\u015bci zalogowania si\u0119 do niego. Przyznajcie, \u017ce to ca\u0142kiem sprytne rozwi\u0105zanie! Do blokowania nale\u017cy u\u017cy\u0107 flagi <code>-l<\/code>, a do zdj\u0119cia blokady, flag\u0119 <code>-u<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aby zablokowa\u0107 konto u\u017cytkownika, wpisz jako root:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>passwd -l &lt;user&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>lub z konta superu\u017cytkownika<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo passwd -l &lt;user&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Aby odblokowa\u0107 zablokowane konto u\u017cytkownika, wpisz jako root:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>passwd -u &lt;user&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>lub z konta superu\u017cytkownika<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo passwd -u &lt;user&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2>Bezpiecze\u0144stwo!<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Aby dowiedzie\u0107 si\u0119 wi\u0119cej o polityce bezpiecznych hase\u0142, zobacz ten kr\u00f3tki poradnik z portalu <a href=\"https:\/\/niebezpiecznik.pl\/symantec\/jak-tworzyc-bezpieczne-latwe-do-zapamietania-hasla\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/niebezpiecznik.pl\/symantec\/jak-tworzyc-bezpieczne-latwe-do-zapamietania-hasla\/\">niebezpiecznik.pl<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jak ustawi\u0107 has\u0142o lub je zmieni\u0107? Jak zmieni\u0107 has\u0142o u\u017cytkownika lub administratora? Jak zmieni\u0107 has\u0142o grupie?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":435,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[32],"tags":[46,11,48,45,47],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>#Linux - Zmiana lub nadanie has\u0142a u\u017cytkownika - cleverblog.pl<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cleverblog.pl\/?p=256\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"#Linux - Zmiana lub nadanie has\u0142a u\u017cytkownika - cleverblog.pl\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Jak ustawi\u0107 has\u0142o lub je zmieni\u0107? 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